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     The IGMDP is a defence program of Indian military. The management of the program is the Defense Research and development organization. It has been started during 1980. The recent major missile developed under the program is the famous “Agni 3”, which was successfully tested during 9th July 2007.      As there is a need for the improvement in the defence programmes, during the period of Indira Gandhi, it leads to the formation of the Integrated Guided missile development programme. The defence minister R.Venkatraman, was supervising all the procedures of that missile accordingly. The projects under the IGMDP are :- Short range surface-to-surface missile Short range low-level surface-to-air missile Medium range Surface-to-air missile Third-generation anti-tank missile The Agni , which means the fire, missile is a medium range surface to air missile. In a press meet, Indian government has stated that, this missile has been started for all the...

The study or use of systems, that too computers and telecommunications for storing, retrieving and sending information, known as IT industry. Practically, the industry which is making the younger generation to earn in India in the recent decades is Information technology. It always represent the computers and the related computer networks. It helps to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. The fastest and large scale growing industry. The industries which are associated with Information technology system are computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce and computer services. Information technology includes data centers, computers, computer networks, database management devices and a regulatory system. If we talk about the data storage, the famous IT industry IBM introduced first hard disk drive during 1956 in India. And after that during 2002, they started storing in analog devices. In 2007, almost 94% of the data stored...

An interesting topic, cloning. Clones are the organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of their DNA is identical. Clones can actually happen naturally – Twins. Yes, twins are the best example for the cloning. But if they made in the lab, through technologies. Cloning technology exists in our world before 1997. Cloning can be done in two ways :- Artificial Embryo Twinning :- Artificial embryo twinning is the usage of low technology to make clones. This technique do some mimics in the natural process, which creates identical twins. Naturally, twins when the embryo splits into two. It happens in the initial days itself, results with twins identical. Artificial Embryo Twinning do the same approach. But, it do it in a petri dish, instead of doing in the mother’s uterus. A very early embryo is separated into individual cells , and they allow the cells to divide and develop for a short time in petri dish, and they place into a surrogate mother. They all will be identical....

Bio-technology is the technology based on biology-biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. And the biological processes of microorganisms have been used for more than 6000 years. The modern biotechnology is used to cure the rare diseases, reduce the environmental footprint, hunger feed, use less and cleaner, safe energy. Now, there are about 250 biotechnology health care products available. And a research says, more than 13.3 million farmers around the world use the biotechnological in agriculture to increase their yields, to save their crops from insects and pests, and they reduce the farming impact in the environment. Biotech is helping to heal the world by using nature’s own tool box and using our own genetic makeup to heal and guide lines of research. The research are of various types :- Reducing rates of infectious disease Saving millions of children’s lives C...

What does it mean by foreign policy of a Nation ? The plan of action adopted by one nation in regards to its diplomatic dealings with other countries. Foreign policies are established as a systematic way to deal with issues that may arise with other countries. Foreign policy is the use of political influence in order to induce other countries to exercise the law-making power in a manner desired by the countries concerned. It is an interaction between forces originating outside the country’s borders and those working within them. Foreign policy refers to the way in which the central governments of sovereign countries relate to each other. Foreign policy is the key element in the process by which a state translates its broadly conceived goals and interests into concrete course of action to attain the objectives and interests. Foreign policy Analysis involves the study of how a state makes foreign policy. The stages of foreign policy  in decision making of the issues are as follows...

Over the decades, there has been so many initiatives to reform the UN. There were lot of disagreements  on what kind of reform is needed. But, later they found a decision that for the peace of all the nations in the world, UN reforms is necessary. UN reform is not a politically neutral, technocratic exercise. Many experts would like to see a stronger and more effective multilateral organization, but the governments are usually opposed to an Institution, and they often use their power to block change. The UN security council reform reflects the power structure of the world as it was during 1945. The UN secretariat reforms gets much attention in the media. And another demand is that UN has become more democratic, and it acts as a key for the world democracy. The UN is not a world government, but it is a forum of the world’s sovereign states to debate on the issues of the world and take decisions and do further actions. The implementation of the population-based UN voting has rais...

What does it mean by Globalization ? It means the international integration. It is a process from which the world is unified into a single society. How it will happen ? Opening up of world trade, development of advanced means of communication, Internationalisation of financial markets, growing importance of MNC’s, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas, will create unified world. We can say it as open market. The advantages of open market as follows :- Huge growth market Cost advantage Be closer to customer Government policies People advantage India has grown a lot, after the globalization. It has a consumer base of 1.14 billion people. India is the 3rd largest global telecom market. And it has a tremendous growth of shopping malls by 2010 and 715 malls by 2015. It has placed 2nd place in the two-wheeler market, 4th largest  commercial vehicle market, 11th largest passenger car market. And in future, they ...

The most valuable topic, the role of media in today’s world. Nowadays, people can’t live without the media. Yes, the media has become more essential need of the people, as like food and clothing. In the recent decades, it helps the society to strengthen. To be say in a simple word, it is a “Mirror”. Media , helps in the following 5 categories :- Information Education Entertainment Advertising Correlations of the parts of the society Society has been influenced by the media. It helps for various judgements in various issues. As India is a largest democracy, the media acts as a bridge between the Government and the people. The Government policies are informed to the public through two sources , i) Information and ii) Broadcasting. Governments have mass media agencies. Media are of two types , Print media and Electronic media . If we talk about print media, Newspapers and magazines :- It’s the publication that appears regularly and frequently carries news about the day-to-da...

The topic which we got enthusiasm, while talking itself . Yes, our own Indian festivals. India, is a country of different religions, different cultures, different customs. Likewise, we have lot of festivals, with lot of formalities, customs. Let we discuss, on that, religion wise. Hindus, they have lot of festivals. The top popular Hindus festivals are :- Diwali :- It’s a five day festival. The custom and the practices of Diwali, differs between the North Indians and the South Indians. Its known as the “ Festival of lights”. They wear new dresses, play crackers, prepare sweets and all the relatives and friends will share and enjoy the festival. It is celebrated on the memory of the vadham of Narahasuran, by the Lord Krishna. Ganesh Chathurthi :- The Ganesh Chathurthi is a festival, which celebrates the birthday of the Lord Ganesha, they prepare sweets and in all the temples, poojas will be done. And, another important thing, they make Ganesha statues out of mud, beautifully decora...

The term civil code is used to cover the entire body of laws governing rights relating to property and otherwise in personal matters like marriage, divorce, maintenance, adoption and inheritance. Its necessary that, as all should be in an uniformity in all aspects. To mean simply, all are equal before the eyes of law. It is uniform irrespective of caste and religion. Why we need Uniform civil code ? It helps integration – yes, it help to bring each and every Indian, despite his caste, religion or tribe, under one national civil code of conduct.  The politicians vote bank politics will reduce – Because all come under one roof, one law, so the politicians can’t play jimmicks with the minorities group. Personal laws acts as a loop hole to exploit the power.  So , the uniform civil code will reduce the honor killings and female foeticide through out country. And simply, every modern society and nation, should have it. Economic growth is happening, whereas the social growt...

     From the word human rights itself you can understand the meaning. Human rights are inherent to all the human beings, wherever they live, whatever may be their gender, it is for all of them, irrespective of their caste, religion, language or any other status. We are all equal. They are indivisible rights.      Human rights , it is based on the principle of respect of each and every individual, must have. Each human has to be treated with a dignity. The Human rights is universal. If we go and ask some people about the human rights, they will simply talk about the right of freedom, talk , write, etc . But that are not only the human rights. If we define the human rights, it meant broad. It means the choice and opportunity of an individual to select a job, a career, a partner, a child birth. Lot of rights are there. Earlier, there were no specific human rights. On October 24, 1945 , after the world war II, the United nations arranged a intergovernmenta...

     The police Act has been established on 1861. This act is followed for Centuries. This needs an effective necessity of police reforms in India. The Global average ratio of police-population is 270 police per one lakh. In India, it is 120 police per one lakh. Here there is the lacking of the proper justice. Because of this less number, the politicians this is how easily play their role in the police force. The Indian police commission of 1902-03 which renewed the working of the police and found that, the importance of the police work is under-estimated in the Society. And they found that there are lot of un-trained, ill-educated officers are recruited in the lowest ranks from the lower strata of the society. This and all happens because of the unwanted interference of the political officials of the Nation. There are few other bodies which govern the police reforms of the Nation are :- Gore Committee on police training ( 1971-73) Ribiero committee on police refor...

     To be said in the historical review, Judicial reforms “ is a theme “ of the Judicial system of India. The high courts were first established during 18th Century, while the British were ruling the country. And in 1937, the federal court has been established to hear the appeals from the high court. And lot of subordinate  , courts, have been started to spread all over the country.      To talk in the numerical view, as of today, there are more than 14,000 courts in our country. And can you assume how many cases would be ? there are 4 crore cases , just imagine !!. We have 14000 judges, but if we count the working ratio judges, there are simply 12,500 judges. And per judge, it is coming around 4000 cases. This is over load. The supreme court is the apex in the country. Its final judgement, would be treated as final, if the other high courts sometimes fail to do. If we talk about the procedure of the Supreme court, the jurisdiction extends upto th...

The most vulnerable thing which affects the world is Terrorism . It is widespread in all the Countries of the world. If we defined the Tupperware in words, the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes. To explain practically, it meant for simply troubling the innocent section of the society for the purpose of the mistakes done by some powerful and criminal section of the society. The few examples to explain the terror face of the Terrorists in India are :- Mumbai Terrorist attacks – The whole world got shocked about this terrorist attack. They placed bombs various places such as Taj Hotel, The oberoi Trident, Chhatrapathi shivaji station. 164 people killed and 308 got injured.  The fight between terrorists and military personnel ended on 29th November and the sole militant survivor was Ajmal kesab, he is still under the custody. Bombay was completely got blasted by a series of bomb blasts on 12th March, 1993. Almost there were 13 b...

43rd SHORT SERVICE COMMISION (TECHNICAL) MEN AND 14TH SHORT SERVICE COMMISION (TECHNICAL) WOMEN COURSE (OCT-2014) OFFICERS TRAINING ACADEMY, CHENNAI. Online applications for SSC Tech-43 (M) & SSC Tech-14 (F) (Including Widows of Defence personnel for Tech & Non Tech Entry) is open now, the married & unmarried Male/Female candidates who are eligible as per the details given below can apply by following this link. The eligible branches to apply are as follows, Civil (Including Building Construction Technology), Architecture, Mechanical,Production (Including Industrial/Manufacturing/Industrial Engg. & Mgt, Automobile (Including Workshop Technology),Aeronautical/Aerospace/Avionics,Metallurgical/Metallurgical & Explosives,Electrical/Electrical & Electronics,  Electronics (Including Electronics & Instrumentation/Micro Electronics & Microwave Electronics & Communication/Telecommunication/Electronics & Telecommunication/Satellite Communication...

To form the National security effectively, we need lot of defence programmes, to make it as a successful process. India, has four professional services , they are Indian Army, Indian Navy, Indian Air force and Indian coast Guard.  It is governed by the Ministry of Defence. And we can proudly say, it’s world’s 3rd largest military force, with 1.3 million active personnels. The military armed forces, played a vital role in lot of challenged wars. The Indo-china war and kargil war were the best examples. After the Republic of our Nation, there were only few military operations.  India, has played 4 wars with the neighbor Pakistan, after the Independence during 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. Because of the great war with Indo – china during 1962, the government realized the importance of the defence forces. We have a highest military altitude in military force in Glacier, which formed because of the dispute arises between Pakistan and India , during the border division.  And a...

The most required need for the  country is National security. With which, a nation can live peacefully. National power can be obtained through the influence of economic power, political power and diplomacy. To tell the meaning literally, it can be defined as “ the protection or the safety of a country’s secrets and its citizens”. We need various kinds of national security.  It has been segregated according to the areas where, we need security for our nation. Military security – the first and the foremost security need for our country , ancient form of security. The military force protects our country. Political security – it is inter related to the military power. It helps to maintain the stability of political power Economic security – In ancient periods, the conquest of nations are happening , this induce for economic security. Modern period required economic security as if military security. Environmental security – The change in the climate may ruin the nation , so...

India’s Neighbours :- As like our home neighbors, our Nation has its own neighbors. What are the neighboring countries of India ? Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Burma, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar and Bangladesh. India is located in South Asia, surrounded by Pakistan, China, Bangladesh and Sri lanka,where as they are fought in war with Pakistan, in the border division, for the province.  If we talk about the relationship with the neighbor countries, it is not in good relation to all the countries. First, we discuss about the relationship with the closest neighbor, Sri Lanka.  They have more than 2500 years of relationship. In the recent years, they  have close contacts with highest political level, trade and investment, co operation in the fields of development, education, culture and defence.  But now, there are many issues , regarding the historical linkage. The Tamil Eelam issue is a great issue in ther ecent decades. Now, the LTTE found itself engaged in militar...

For a democratic Nation, the most essential thing required is Elections. Electoral reforms are the basic requirements of the democracy. The first and foremost Election commissioner of India is , Su Kumar Sen. He has mentioned in his words, “ It is not an easy task to process the elections every time, it has been influenced by the geographical, political and social circumstances, and it should need constant improvements, so we require a electoral reforms, which are mandatory for a Democratic Nation”. The Election commission has been formed during 25th January, 1950. It is now, known as National Voter’s day, which many of them may not aware. If we talk about the Election commission of India, we can’t forget a person named, T.N. Seshan. Yes, he was the one who made a remarkable stone in the regularities in the Electoral reforms. He was appointed as the Chief Election commissioner during 1991, as because those periods, elections were creating lot of deaths and blood flows. So, Government...

     Democracy has a history, it has been started in 2500 BC, in mesopetomia.  In India, it has been started during 1947, after Independence.We know the word Democracy well with the familiar quote of Abraham Lincoln, Democracy is a Government, of the people, by the people and for the people. But the real practical meaning differs in India, in the recent decades.  The real meaning in the dictionary says, Democracy is government by the people in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or their elected agents under a free electoral system.  India is one of the largest democracy of the world. The four basic elements are :- It is a system of Government for choosing and replacing the government through elections. The active participants of the people, as citizens, in civic and political life. Protection of human rights of all the citizens.  A rule of law in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all the ...

What do you mean by National Integration ? Each and every citizen should realize that , inspite of different caste, religion, region and speak different languages , we all came under one roof , India. This means the National integration of a Nation. In the famous quote, we can tell as “ Unity in diversity”. Man is a Social animal. This word opt for the culture of India. India, being the second largest population in the world. To talk about in numbers, about 1,652 languages and dialects spoken in our country.  But among those, 18 languages got recognized by our National constitution. And another major good thing in our country like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism , all religions are in the world level. India, has a National integration council, started by Jawaharlal Nehru, during October 1961. Their main aim is to find out the reasons, where the country divides . They will find out the reasons and counter the problems of the Nation. The major problem...

The interesting word, Olympics and common wealth games.  Yes, the interesting International sport event in our world.  In that event, thousands and thousands of athletes will participate , representing their nation. The word Olympics , came from the games held in Olympia and Greece, as got inspired by their games.  More than 200 nations was participating in that Games.  It is from Olympia, since 8th Century BC to 4th century AD. The Olympic games held once in four years. An International Olympic committee formed in 1894. It got evolved in a different way, during 20th and 21st centuries. Lot of changes has been made. They made the changes according to the political, economical and technological advancements.  Olympics has become most famous, along with the growth of the mass media. Now, almost all the nations are participating in the Olympics.  History of the Olympic flame and torch :- The last Olympics was held during 2012, in London. The Indian Olym...